The pterygopalatine ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion located in the pterygopalatine fossa. It receives preganglionic fibers from the facial nerve and sends postganglionic fibers to the lacrimal gland, nasal cavity, palate, and pharynx. The ganglion is a relay station for View Diagram The Pterygopalatine Ganglion and Branches
The internal mammary artery, also known as the internal thoracic artery, is a vital vessel supplying the anterior chest wall and breasts. This anatomy diagram of the anatomical course of the internal mammary artery shows its origin from the subclavian View Diagram Anatomical Course of the Internal Mammary Artery
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition involving a tear in the aortic wall. This anatomy diagram shows separation of layers and formation of a false lumen. Understanding this pathology is essential in emergency cardiovascular care.
The facial artery arises from the external carotid artery and takes a tortuous course across the face. It ascends deep to the submandibular gland, curves around the inferior border of the mandible, and travels toward the medial angle of the View Diagram Facial Artery Anatomical Course
The platysma is a superficial muscle of the neck embedded within the superficial cervical fascia. It extends from the lower jaw, covering the anterior neck, and inserts into the clavicle and upper thoracic region. The platysma functions to tense the View Diagram The Platysma Muscle Superficial Cervical Fascia
The erector spinae group, including iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis, extends along the vertebral column and supports posture, trunk extension, and lateral flexion. These muscles stabilize the spine during movement, lifting, or bending, and interact with deep core muscles to maintain View Diagram The Erector Spinae of the Back
The labyrinthine artery supplies the inner ear structures responsible for hearing and balance. It usually arises from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, although it may branch directly from the basilar artery. It enters the internal acoustic meatus alongside the facial View Diagram The Labyrinthine Artery
The cerebellum is positioned in the posterior cranial fossa beneath the occipital lobes of the brain. This anatomy diagram of the anatomical position of the cerebellum illustrates its location posterior to the brainstem and its separation from the cerebrum by View Diagram Anatomical Position Cerebellum
CT scans of cerebellar tonsil herniation show downward displacement through the foramen magnum, often associated with Chiari malformations. This can compress the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebrospinal fluid pathways, causing headache, dizziness, motor or sensory deficits, and hydrocephalus. Imaging demonstrates the View Diagram CT Scan of Cerebellar Tonsil Herniation
X-rays of rickets reveal characteristic changes in bones due to vitamin D deficiency, including widened, cupped, and frayed metaphyses, especially at the wrist and knee. Rickets affects bone mineralization in children, leading to deformities like bowing of long bones and View Diagram X Ray of Rickets
The bronchial tree consists of the trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, and smaller bronchioles that ultimately lead to alveoli. It serves as the conduit for air to reach the lungs, where gas exchange occurs. The walls of the View Diagram The Bronchial Tree
Quinsy, also known as a peritonsillar abscess, is a collection of pus that forms in the tissue around the tonsil. It usually develops as a complication of untreated or severe tonsillitis. Patients often experience intense throat pain on one side, View Diagram Quinsy Inflammation of Peritonsillar Tissue
The vagus nerve is the tenth cranial nerve and has a wide distribution. It exits the skull through the jugular foramen and descends within the carotid sheath. In the thorax, it gives branches to the heart and lungs before contributing View Diagram Overview of the Major Branches and Anatomical Course of the Vagus Nerve
The ophthalmic nerve is the first division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V1) and provides sensory innervation to the upper face and orbit. This anatomy diagram of the anatomical course of the ophthalmic nerve illustrates its origin from the View Diagram Anatomical Course of the Ophthalmic Nerve
The supraclavicular nerves arise from the cervical plexus (C3C4) and supply the skin over the shoulder, clavicle, and upper chest. They are important in sensory innervation and commonly targeted in regional anesthesia. Knowledge of their course is essential in surgery, View Diagram Supraclavicular Nerves
The posterior triangle of the neck is bounded anteriorly by the sternocleidomastoid, posteriorly by the trapezius, and inferiorly by the clavicle. The floor is formed by several muscles including the splenius capitis, levator scapulae, and scalene muscles. This space contains View Diagram Posterior Triangle of the Neck Borders and Muscles of the Floor
Pericardial tamponade occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac, compressing the heart and impairing cardiac output. Knowledge of pericardial anatomy is essential for cardiologists, emergency physicians, and medical students in diagnosis, echocardiography, and pericardiocentesis. Understanding tamponade pathophysiology ensures timely View Diagram Pericardial Tamponade
The radial nerve is a major peripheral nerve of the upper limb responsible for extension of the elbow, wrist, and fingers. This anatomy diagram of the anatomical course of the radial nerve traces its origin from the posterior cord of View Diagram Anatomical Course of the Radial Nerve
The superficial temporal artery is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery, giving off frontal and parietal branches that supply the scalp, temple, and lateral face. Knowledge of its course and branches is essential for surgeons, dermatologists, and medical View Diagram Branches of the Superficial Temporal Artery
The Circle of Willis is a ring of interconnected cerebral arteries at the base of the brain providing collateral circulation to the brain. Knowledge of its anatomy is essential for neurologists, neurosurgeons, and medical students in managing strokes, aneurysms, or View Diagram Structure of the Circle of Willis
