Histology of the Large Intestine: The large intestine’s histology includes a smooth mucosa with numerous goblet cells for mucus secretion, arranged in straight tubular glands and lacking villi.
Digestive Secretions Absorption of Water: Digestive secretions contain enzymes and fluids that aid digestion, while most water absorption occurs in the small intestine, with the large intestine absorbing the remainder.
Lower Limb Veins Chart: This chart outlines superficial veins like the great saphenous and deep veins like the femoral and popliteal, all responsible for returning blood from the leg to the heart.
Anatomy of Nose Pharynx Mouth Larynx: This region includes the nasal cavity (for air intake and filtration), pharynx (shared air and food passage), oral cavity (chewing and speech), and larynx (voice production and airway protection).
Embryo Week 3: During the third week of development, the embryo undergoes gastrulation, forming three germ layersectoderm, mesoderm, and endodermthat will give rise to all tissues and organs of the body.
Layers of the Gastrointestinal Tract: The GI tract consists of four layers: mucosa (innermost), submucosa, muscularis externa (smooth muscle), and serosa or adventitia (outer layer), each playing a role in digestion and motility.
Mechanical and Chemical Digestion: Mechanical digestion involves physical breakdown of food through chewing and stomach churning, while chemical digestion uses enzymes and acids to break molecular bonds in nutrients.
Lower Limb Arteries Chart: The lower limb arterial system includes the femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis arteries, supplying oxygenated blood to the leg and foot.
Thoracic Abdominal Veins: These veins include the superior and inferior vena cava, azygos system, and hepatic veins, which return deoxygenated blood from the thorax and abdomen to the heart.
Coronary Blood Vessels: The coronary arteries and veins supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium and remove deoxygenated blood, ensuring the heart muscle receives the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Kidney Position in Abdomen: The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs located on either side of the spine between the T12 and L3 vertebrae, with the right kidney slightly lower due to the liver.
FlowChart Veins into VenaCava: This flowchart maps venous drainage from body regions into the superior and inferior vena cavae, the major veins returning blood to the right atrium.
Lower Limb Arteries Anterior Posterior: The anterior and posterior tibial arteries, along with the femoral and popliteal arteries, supply oxygenated blood to the muscles and skin of the leg and foot.
Muscular and Elastic Artery Arteriole: Elastic arteries (like the aorta) buffer pressure from the heart, muscular arteries distribute blood to organs, and arterioles regulate blood flow into capillary beds via vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
Arteries of the Brain: The brain is supplied by the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, which form the Circle of Willis, ensuring consistent cerebral blood flow.
Fenestrated Capillary: Fenestrated capillaries have pores in their walls that allow for rapid exchange of water and small solutes, commonly found in kidneys, intestines, and endocrine glands.
Histology Small Intestines: The small intestines histology features villi and microvilli on its mucosal surface, which greatly increase the surface area for nutrient absorption; it also contains glands and lymphatic structures for digestion and immune defense.
Fetal Circulation: Fetal circulation features shunts like the ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus that divert blood away from the liver and lungs, directing it efficiently between the heart and placenta.
Hepatic Portal Vein System: The hepatic portal vein collects nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract and transports it to the liver for processing before it enters general circulation.
Cartilages of the Larynx: The larynx contains several cartilages, including the thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, and epiglottis, which support vocal cord function and protect the airway during swallowing.
