Factors in Cardiac Output: Cardiac output depends on stroke volume and heart rate, influenced by preload, afterload, contractility, and autonomic nervous system regulation.
Muscular and Elastic Artery Arteriole: Elastic arteries (like the aorta) buffer pressure from the heart, muscular arteries distribute blood to organs, and arterioles regulate blood flow into capillary beds via vasoconstriction and vasodilation.