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It refers to the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. Blood pressure is measured with a sphygmomanometer, or blood pressure cuff. Blood pressure that is too high is called hypertension.
The first or “top” number in blood pressure readings is the systolic pressure. It refers to the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts. The second or “bottom” number in blood pressure readings is the diastolic pressure.